leo academyBeta
Handbook

Letter s · secretary hand

Sigma s

Also called round s, 6-shaped s, final s

Unit 2very common

A round s made as a closed loop, like a 6 or a Greek sigma: the pen starts at the top and runs anticlockwise round the loop, ending in a thickened tail above the letter. Mostly at word end.

Model letter

McKerrow (1927), fig. 22, no. 6 · public domain
McKerrow (1927), fig. 22, no. 7 · public domain

Write it

Watch the quill write the sigma s, trace it stroke by stroke, then copy it.

In practice lines

Every round s below was checked by hand. They are not yet sorted by form, so some show another round s.

“was”
“divers”
“his”
“wayes”
“Cornutus”
“Comodities”
“is”
“vertuous”

Practice lines drawn in period hands

Don’t confuse it with

Practise this letter Unit 2 · Round s, and where each s goes
Write itWatch, trace and copy

Other forms of s

Model letters: R. B. McKerrow, An Introduction to Bibliography (1927); Jean de Beauchesne & John Baildon, A Booke Containing Divers Sortes of Hands (1570 and 1581); Giovambattista Palatino, Libro nel qual s’insegna a scrivere (1550); and manuscripts in the Folger Shakespeare Library; all public domain. They stand in until Leo’s own model letters are drawn. Secretary letters typeset in Joscelyn by Peter S. Baker (SIL Open Font License).